SISTEM INFORMASI DAN STRATEGI BISNIS

    Sistem informasi strategis, sistem komputer yang digunakan level organisasi untuk mengubah sasaran, pengoperasian, produk, jasa, atau relasi lingkungan untuk membantu organisai meraih keunggulan kompetitif.

Keputusan strategi bisnis dari perusahaan tergantung pada:

§  Produk dan jasa yang dhasilkan perusahaan

§  Industri di mana perusahaan bersaing

§  Pesaing, pemasok, dan pelanggan dari perusahaan

§  Tujuan jangka panjang dari perusahaan

Strategi level Bisnis: Model Rantai Nilai Strategi yang paling umum untuk level ini adalah:

1.      menjadi penghasil produk dengan biaya produksi yang rendah

2.      mendiferensiasikan produk dan jasa

3.      mengubah lingkup persaingan baik dengan cara memperluas pasar sampai ke pasar global maupun dengan mempersempit pasar.

      Model rantai nilai, model yang memberi perhatian pada aktivitas primer dan pendukung yang menambah nilai bagi produk dan jasa perusahaan di mana sistem informasi paling baik diterapkan untuk mendapatkan keunggulan kompetitif. Aktivitas primer yaituaktivitas yang langsung berhubungan dengan produksi dan distribusi produk perusahaan atau jasa. Sedangkan aktivitas pendukung adalah aktivitas yang memungkinkan pelaksanaan aktivitas primer. Terdiri dari infrastruktur organisasi, sumber daya manusia, teknologi, dan pengadaan.
Nilai web mengacu ke jaringan pelanggan-terkendali pada perusahaan yang memanfaatkan teknologi informasi untuk mengkoordinasikan rantai nilainya agar secara kolektif menghasilkan produk atau jasa kepada pasar.

Produk dan Jasa Sistem Informasi

System yang menciptakan diferensiasi produk:

§  Perusahaan dapat menggunakan IT untuk mengembangkan produk-produk berbeda.

§  Menciptakan loyalitas merek dengan mengembangkan produk yang unik dan baru dan jasa

§  Produk dan jasa tidak mudah diduplikasi oleh pesaing. Contohnya, Dell Corporation.

Sistem yang Mendukung Ceruk Pasar

Analisis intensif menggunakan data pelanggan untuk mendukung cara-cara baru menghubungi dan melayani pelanggan yang memungkinkan untuk mengembangkan ceruk pasar baru untuk produk atau jasa khusus. Contohnya, program frequent guest Hotel Wyndam

Supply Chain Management dan Sistem Respon Pelanggan Efisien

Sistem yang menghubungkan rantai nilai perusahaan ke rantai nilai pemasok dan konsumen. System yang secara langsung menghubungkan kembali perilaku konsumen ke distributor, produksi, dan supply chain. Contoh: Wal-Mart menghubungkan langsung pembelian pelanggan ke pemasok hampir saat itu juga. pekerjaan pemasok adalah untuk memastikan produk yang dikirim ke toko untuk menggantikan produk yang dibeli.

IT pada level organisasi digunakan untuk menghindari beralihnya konsumen ke pemasok lain dan mengikat mereka pada perusahaan. Biaya penggantian adalah biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh pelanggan atau perusahaan untuk waktu dan sumber daya yang terbuang sewaktu berganti dari satu pemasok atau ke sistem pemasok atau sistem pesaing. Contohnya, Baxter International.

Strategi level-perusahaan dan Teknologi Informasi

Memperluas kompetensi inti, kegiatan di mana perusahaan unggul sebagai pemimpin kelas dunia. Sistem informasi mendorong berbagi pengetahuan di seluruh unit bisnis dan karenanya perusahaan meningkatkan kompetensi.

Strategi level-industri dan Sistem Informasi: kekuatan-kekuatan kompetitif dan perekonomian jaringan. Perusahaan beroperasi di lingkungan lebih besar yang terdiri dari perusahaan lain, pemerintah, dan bangsa. Kemitraan informasi, aliansi kerjasama yang dilakukan oleh dua atau lebih perusahaan yang bertujuan berbagi informasi untuk memperoleh keuntungan strategis. Membantu perusahaan mendapatkan akses ke pelanggan baru, menciptakan peluang-peluang baru untuk cross-selling dan penargetan produk.

Model lima kekuatan Porter

Dalam lingkungan yang lebih besar, terdapat lima kekuatan utama atau ancaman:

1.      Pasar baru pendatang

2.      Produk dan jasa pengganti

3.      Pemasok

4.      Pelanggan

5.      Perusahaan lain yang bersaing secara langsung

Model kekuatan kompetitif, model yang digunakna untuk menjelaskan interaksi dari pengaruh-pengaruh eksternal, ancaman-ancaman khusus dan peluang-peluang, yang mempengaruhi strategi dan kemampuan organisasi dalam bersaing. Teknologi internet telah mempengaruhi struktur industri dengan

§  Memberikan teknologi yang mempermudah para pesaing untuk berkompetisi dalam hal harga dan para pemain baru pada pasar.

§  Meingkatkan informasi yang tersedia bagi pelanggan dalm hal harga sehingga meningkatkan bargaining powernya.

§  Menurunkan kekuatan pemasok

§  Barang-barang substitusi

Ekosistem bisnis

IT memainkan peran yang kuat dalam menciptakan bentuk-bentuk baru produk ekosistem bisnis. Ekosistem bisnis adalah jaringan pemasok, distributor, perusahaan outsourcing, perusahaan jasa transportasi, dan teknologi manufaktur yang saling berkaitan. Sebagai contoh, Microsoft: 1 milyar PC di seluruh dunia dan ratusan ribu bisnis bergantung pada platform Microsoft. EBay: Jutaan orang dan ribuan perusahaan bisnis menggunakan platform ini. Wal-Mart: Enterprise sistem yang digunakan oleh pemasok untuk meningkatkan efisiensi

Jaringan Ekonomi

Produk dan layanan IT menunjukkan efek jaringan yang kuat dan berpotensi menciptakan situasi "winner take all". Jaringan menyebabkan biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk menambah partisipan lainnya nol atau sedikit, sebaliknya keuntungan yang diperoleh bisa semakin besar. Bertentangan dengan hukum penurunan laba pada produk industri dan pertanian. Contohnya, Nilai dari Internet tumbuh secara eksponensial dengan kenaikan linier pengguna. Karena perangkat lunak tertentu dapat menjadi standar (seperti sistem operasi Windows atau Windows Office), orang bisa terkunci ke dalam standar dan nilai Windows tumbuh karena semakin banyak orang yang menggunakannya.

Strategi yang bagus, menggunakan IT untuk membangun produk dan jasa yang menyebabkan efek jaringan. Peluang manajemen, Perusahaan menghadapi perkembangan IT berbasis peluang untuk mendapatkan keunggulan strategis.

Tantangan Manajemen

§  Beberapa perusahaan menghadapi rintangan besar dalam menerapkan sistem kontemporer.

§  Setelah keuntungan tercapai, ada kesulitan dalam mempertahankan keunggulan.

§  Organisasi sering tidak dapat berubah untuk mengakomodasi teknologi baru dengan cukup cepat

Pedoman Penyelesaian melakukan analisis sistem strategis

§  Memahami struktur dan dinamika persaingan industri dimana perusahaan beroperasi.

§  Memahami rantai nilai bisnis, perusahaan, dan industri

§  Mempertimbangkan bagaimana perusahaan dapat mengelola "peralihan strategis" sebagai usaha untuk menerapkan sistem yang memberikan keunggulan kompetitif.

Sumber :

http://cafe-ekonomi.blogspot.com/

Women Entrepreneurs Tend to Be More Professional

Women entrepreneurs have shown their movement in the economic development of Indonesia. The minister of Cooperatives and SMEs Sharif Hasan told a group of women entrepreneurs are proactive in improving the welfare at least in their family.

“Women Entrepreneurs is a group of active women who have dared to take the initiative in economic development in order to improve the welfare of the family,” said Sharif at the Young Entrepreneur and Independent Young Technopreneur 2014 in Senayan, Wednesday ( 15/01/2014 ).

Moreover, Sharif said that women entrepreneurs tend to be more professional. “Women entrepreneurs are more responsible and professional in managing finances,” he said .

Sharif said the government and banks have supported women entrepreneurs by providing financing access. Such access is expected to provide an opportunity for women entrepreneurs to develop their business.

“In 2013 the business credit (KUR) has exceeded U.S. $ 137 billion to 10 million borrowers. All financial access has been implemented” said Sharif.

sumber :

http://www.caramudahbelajarbahasainggris.net/2014/01/3-contoh-artikel-bahasa-inggris-tentang-ekonomi-dan-bisnis-di-indonesia.html

Weaknesses of Indonesian Economic

Chamber of Indonesia Commerce and Industry (Kadin) declared Indonesian economy that is actually very promising for both domestic and foreign investors. However, there are still weaknesses seeing by Kadin of the economy that need to be addressed. Vice Chairman of Kadin Indonesia, Novian Anindya Bakrie said, promising Indonesian economy is evidenced by incoming investment, private consumption, and vibrant business world.

“But there are still some weaknesses that Indonesia’s economic structure needs to be addressed now,” said Anindya at Menara Kadin Jakarta, Wednesday (06/03/2013).

Anindya see Indonesia’s economic weakness is in the trade deficit. Currently due to larger imports than exports then it makes more Indonesian trade balance to be deficit. Moreover, the largest import of oil and gas.

On the other hand, Anindya also highlights subsidy of oil (BBM) to the people who actually are not even on target. Current budget fuel subsidy enjoyed by the rich instead.

“As the impact, the deficit and the high pressure gas imports that led to the weakening of the rupiah,” he added.

Again, the actual budget for infrastructure even neglected. He rated in the last few months that there is no improvement of government policy so that a problem cannot be resolved. Though foreign investors intending to invest in Indonesia as it will look up the bureaucratic infrastructure. If not good, then foreign investors will pull out of Indonesia.

sumber:

http://www.caramudahbelajarbahasainggris.net/2013/04/7-contoh-artikel-bahasa-inggris-dengan-topik-berbeda.html

INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND BUSINESS STRATEGY

      Strategic information systems, computer systems that are used to change the target level of the organization, operations, products, services, or environmental relationships to help organizations achieve competitive advantage.

The decision of the company's business strategy depends on: 

§  The products and services company dhasilkan

§  Industry in which the company competes

§  Competitors, suppliers, and customers of the company

§  The long term goal of the company

Business-level Strategy: Value Chain Model The most common strategy for this level is: 

1.      be producing products with low production costs

2.      differentiate products and services

3.      change the scope of the competition either by means of expanding its market to the global market and to narrow the market.

Value chain model, a model which addresses the primary and support activities that add value to the products and services of the company in which the information system is best used to gain competitive advantage.
Yaituaktivitas primary activity is directly associated with the production and distribution of the company's products or services. While supporters of the activity is an activity that allows the execution of the primary activity. Consists of organizational infrastructure, human resources, technology, and procurement. 

Value refers to web customer-controlled network on companies that use information technology to coordinate its value chain in order to collectively produce products or services to market.

Products and Services Information System 

System that creates product differentiation: 

§  Companies can use IT to develop different products.

§  Creating brand loyalty by developing new and unique products and services

§  Products and services not easily duplicated by competitors. For example, Dell Corporation.

The system supports Niche Markets Intensive analysis using customer data to support new ways of serving customers to contact and allow to develop new niche markets for specific products or services. For example, frequent guest program Wyndam Hotel Supply Chain Management and Efficient Customer Response System The system connects to the corporate value chain value chain of suppliers and consumers. System that directly connects back to the distributor of consumer behavior, production, and supply chain. Example: Wal-Mart customers to connect directly to the supplier purchase almost immediately. suppliers work to ensure the product is delivered to the store to replace the purchased product. 

IT at the organizational level is used to avoid the shift of consumers to other suppliers and bind them to the company. Replacement cost is the cost incurred by the customer or the company for the time and resources are wasted when switching from one supplier or system to system supplier or competitor. For example, Baxter International. 

Strategy-level corporate and Information Technology Expand the core competencies, the activities in which the company excels as a world-class leader. Information systems to encourage the sharing of knowledge across business units and hence improve the competence of the company.

Industry-level strategy and Information Systems: competitive forces and economic networks. The company operates in the larger environment consisting of other companies, governments, and nations. Partnership information, cooperative alliances undertaken by two or more companies that aim to share information to gain a strategic advantage. Helping companies gain access to new customers, create new opportunities for cross-selling and targeting products.

Porter's five forces model 

In larger environments, there are five main force or threats: 

1.      New market entrants

2.      Substitute products and services

3.      Supplier

4.      Customer

5.      Other companies that compete directly

Competitive forces model, a model which is used directly to explain the interaction of external influences, specifically threats and opportunities, and strategies that affect the organization's ability to compete. Internet technology has affected the structure of the industry 

§  Providing technology that make it easier for competitors to compete in terms of price and new players in the market.

§  Boost the information available to customers grows in price thereby increasing the bargaining power.

§  Lowering power supplier

§  Substitutes

Business Ecosystem 

IT plays a strong role in creating new forms of business product ecosystem. Business ecosystem is a network of suppliers, distributors, outsourcing firms, transportation companies, and manufacturing technology are interrelated.For example, Microsoft: 1 billion PCs around the world and hundreds of thousands of businesses rely on the Microsoft platform. EBay: Millions of people and thousands of businesses using the company's platform. Wal-Mart: Enterprise systems used by suppliers to increase efficiency 

Network Economics 

IT products and services showed strong network effects and potentially create a situation of "winner take all".Network causes the cost to add other participants of zero or less, otherwise the benefits could be even greater.Contrary to the law of profit decline in industrial and agricultural products. For example, the value of the Internet is growing exponentially with a linear increase in users. Because software can be certain standards (such as the Windows operating system or the Windows Office), can be locked into the standard and value of Windows is growing as more and more people are using it. 

Good strategy, using IT to build products and services that cause network effects. Opportunity management, dealing with the development of IT-based companies the opportunity to gain a strategic advantage.

Management Challenges `

§  Some companies are facing major obstacles in implementing contemporary systems.

§  Once profit is achieved, there is difficulty in maintaining excellence.

§  Organizations often can not be changed to accommodate the new technology fast enough

Guidelines for Completion of a strategic systems analysis 

§  Understanding the structure and dynamics of industry competition in which it operates.

§  Understanding the business value chain, enterprise, and industrial

§  Consider how companies can manage "strategic shift" in an effort to implement a system that provides a competitive edge

Sumber :

http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=id&u=http://cafe-ekonomi.blogspot.com/&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dartikel%2Bekonomi%26biw%3D1242%26bih%3D607

Softskill 2

PART I

In the following sentences supply the article (a, an or the) if the are necessary.

   1.      Jason’s father bought him a bicycle that he had wanted for his birthday.

   2.      The statue of liberty was a gift of friendship from france to United States.

   3.      Rita is studying English and math this semester.

   4.      Please give me a cup of coffe with cream and sugar.

   5.      The big books on the  table are for my history class.

   6.      when you go to the store, please buy a bottle of chocolate milk and a dozen oranges.

  7.  John and Mery went to school yesterday and then studies in the library before     returning home.

   8.      What did you eat for breakfast this morning?

   9.      The chair that you are sitting is broken.

  10. Phill cannot go to  the  movies tonight because he has to write an essay.

PART II

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of other.

   1.     This pen isn’t working. Please give me another.

   2.     If you are still thirsty, I’ll make another pot of coffee.

   3.     This dictionary has a page missing. Please give me another.

   4.      He doesn’t need those books. He needs others.

   5.  There are thirty people in the room. Twenty are from Latin America and the             others are    from others countries.

  6.  Six people are in the store. Two were buying meat. Another was looking at           magazines. The other was eating candy bar. The others were walking around looking for more food.

   7.   This glass of milk is sour. The other glass of milk is sour too.

   8.  The army was practicing it drills. One group was doing artillery practice. Another  was    marching;  another was at attention; and the other was practicing combat tactics.

  9.  There are seven students from Japan. Others are from Iran, and the others are      from others places.

   10.  We looked at cars today. The first two we far too expensive, but  the other ones were reasonably priced.

My Personal Description

Hi, my name Rahmi Shabrina. My nickname Rahmi .  I'm 21 years old. I was born on July 01, 1992. And i  live in  Jl. Citayam Raya Rt. 04 Rw. 02 No. 59.  Istudied at University Gunadarma from 2010^th.

I chose the university Gunadarma because  not far from home, only 2 times by car  that is D05 and D112. in this University I have met new people, growing experience.  I majored in management cause i want to study managemen science. Because I want worked in banking and i hope to be a businessman.

My hobbies are hangeout with friend